Ozone Depletion Essays -- essays research papers fc

Ozone Depletion A Case for â€Å"Ignoring the Facts†  â â â â Ozone frames a layer of the earth’s air that shields us from the sun’s dangerous bright beams. During the most recent decade there has been an alarm gone ahead by natural lovers that Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) annihilate the ozone layer. In spite of the fact that there has been no proof of any CFC demolition of the ozone layer there is a universal stoppage on utilizing CFCs, just as an official request set out by Clinton to confine the sell and utilization of CFCs in the United States. These bans are pointless , since they are simply founded on dread and governmental issues. Putting together the boycott with respect to proof can not be conceivable, in light of the fact that there is no genuine proof.      This official request isn't just purposeless, however strange. Realities are the ozone layer isn't exhausting because of CFCs or some other artificial synthetic. Qualified researchers have demonstrated the entire idea of the ozone layer isn't something fixed and limited to be devastated quicker and more slow rates. It is basically not a depletable asset like a non-renewable energy source. The procedure by which CFCs should exhaust it is exceptionally theoretical and has never been seen to occur, and regardless of whether it did, the impact would be little contrasted with what happens normally.      Ozone is dynamic. It is continually being made and wrecked, and as long as the sun radiates beams the procedure will proceed. Ozone is the Trioxide atom (O3), which is made by photons emanated from the sun. An ordinary oxygen particle (O2) comprises of two oxygen iotas, in diatomic structure. High vitality bright radiation known as UV-C can part one of these particles, through a procedure known as photodissociation, into two free oxygen iotas. These molecules at that point get together with a third oxygen and structure ozone. Some ozone is found at ground level, yet most happens in the â€Å"Ozone Layer,† a grouping of O3 around 30 miles over the Earth’s surface. Most ozone is delivered in the tropics where bright motion is the most grounded.      Ozone is demolished by substance responses that convert the O3 atom into O2. The response that causes this is generally nitrogen dioxide (delivered to a limited extent by high height enormous beams), through bright separation by a similar UV-C that makes ozone, and furthermore by a less vivacious band know as UV-B, which... ...e negative impacts of CFCs are during the several thousands, there are no awards to contemplate the constructive outcomes of bright transition. It is interested that all the award proposition composed by researchers concerning the opposite side of the CFC issue are being turned down. Is ozone exhaustion made by political/efficient issues? It has not been demonstrated by factsâ€just overlooking the realities. This while the media plays on the feelings of trepidation of the overall population. As Bob Holzknecht, a CFC engineer for a long time watches, â€Å"Nobody’s intrigued by the real world. Each and every individual who realizes anything stands to pick up. The open will wind up shelling out some serious cash, as usual, however the general population is disorderly and formally dressed. List of sources Begley, Shannon, â€Å"Is the Ozone Hole in Our Heads?† Newsweek, 122, October 11, 1993.      Bush, David A., â€Å" Ozone Anxiety: It’s a White Thing,† Harpers Magazine, 287, December 1993.      Kerr, Richard A., â€Å"Stratospheric Injection by Volcanic Eruptions,† Science, 260, May 21, 1993      Zurer, Pamela S., â€Å"Researchers Lack Data on Trends in UV Radiation at Earth’s Surface,† Chemical and Engineering News, 71, July 26, 1993

Teen brain

Question: Why the Teen mind is attracted to Risk? Answer: This report attempts to sum up the article Why the Teen Brain Is Drawn to Risk composed by Maia Szalavitz from https://healthland.time.com/. The creator here predominantly gives an alert to guardians of a young person to shield them from their own misjudgements. Szalavitz says that the cerebrum of teenager is wired and a portion of those are only the silly decisions that emerges because of the organic propensities. She, in this article examinations the dangers observation among the young people and says that it is wildly overestimated. She says that the infamous dangers taken by the youths are because of the obscure dangers which have more noteworthy resistance to vagueness and vulnerability rather than the known dangers. Saying this she features the perspective of Agnieszka Tymula, one of the main creators in this investigation that youngsters associate more with obscure dangers than the grown-ups. To help this, an examination was led by drawing in the 33 youngsters and 30 grown-ups in a betting game and was discovered that grown-ups were increasingly engaged with betting contrasted with adolescents (Szalavitz). Szalavitz additionally features the purpose of Valerie Reyna, educator of human turn of events and brain science at Cornell University, that youthful has distinctive data handling style. They for the most part get lost with specific dangers and for the most part underline on potential prizes, overlooking a definitive results of an issue. Teenagers utilize quantitative reasoning and take about double the length grown-ups do before responding, while grown-ups expeditiously have a negative reaction to dangers. Reyna propose that teaching substance based reasoning can assist teenagers with avoiding risky choices. Tymula recommends that allowing young people opportunities to securely attempt analyses could moreover assist them with making abilities that underlie significance based reasoning. Thusly, increasingly conspicuous versatility for helplessness and the dark and an extended enthusiasm for and focus on remunerations can apparently helps adolescent (Szalavitz). This synopsis of teenagers cerebrum can be connected with the affirmations of Havighursts Developmental Tasks Theory. As per Havighurst, advancement is nonstop all through the entire life expectancy, occurring in each phase of person. He says that mental segments that ascent up out of the creating character and mind of an individual are epitomized in close to home targets and qualities. These goals and qualities are another wellspring of scarcely any formative undertakings, for instance, making sure about one's self-thought, making relationship with mates (Psychologynoteshq.com). He finds that young accomplish new and more create relations with the two sexual orientations of their ages, secures values sets and an ethical system as a manual for direct their own conduct; develop philosophy, achieve enthusiastic autonomy distinctive adults and furthermore their folks, accomplish a social job might be as male or female, tolerating one's physical make-up and use the body suitably moreover achieving socially capable conduct (Manning). These errands create as a component of the existence cycle and make particular demands on the teenagers. Henceforth, to energize improvement, instructors need to familiarize understudies with these fundamental undertakings at the perfect time (Adler-Tapia). Taking everything into account, it tends to be said that adolescents are more disposed towards the obscure dangers than the grown-ups. According to the hypothesis of Havighurst, each human experience stages and each stage has diverse undertaking. Essentially, pre-adult have distinctive assignment which they like. These preferences can be improved by showing essence based reasoning. The instructors need build up this structure at the opportune time. References Adler-Tapia, Robbie. Kid Psychotherapy. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2012. Print. Keeping an eye on, M. Lee. 'Havighurst's Developmental Tasks, Young Adolescents, And Diversity'. The Clearing House 76.2 (2002): 75-78. Web. Psychologynoteshq.com,. 'HavighurstS Developmental Tasks Theory'. N.p., 2015. Web. 27 Apr. 2015. Szalavitz, Maia. 'Young people' Risk-Taking Behavior Is Driven By Tolerance To Ambiguity'. Procedures of the National Academy of Sciences 109.42 (2012): 17135-17140. Web. 27 Apr. 2015.

Essay Sample Theme of Freedom

Essay Sample Theme of Freedom Essay Sample: Theme of Freedom The overriding theme in this essay is liberty. The essay will delve into Native American freedom and rights before and after their colonization by the immigrating hordes of Europeans mainly from great Britain, led by George Washington and Henry Knox. Before addressing the specific topic however the concept of Freedom and Liberty has to be defined. Freedom refers to the capacity for an individual to make independent choices. This does not necessarily mean that these choices will be devoid of external influences, but rather that the decisions are made in full recognition of their meaning. Every human being has a right to freedom, which can refer to physical freedom as well as mental freedom. Physical freedom is whereby the movement of an individual is not restricted, whereas mental freedom is whereby the thoughts of an individual are not restricted. Right to knowledge and education are examples of mental freedom, whereas right to movement and associations are examples of physical freed om. Freedom and Liberty are in some way synonymous, whereby Liberty refers to the collective rights that an individual has whereas freedom refers to the ability of the individual to make decisions independently. This essay will specifically focus on the freedom of an entire group or society of people, the Native American people, whose freedom and liberty had been, curtailed the migrating early settlers who became the American people. The immigrants who majorly came from the British colonies revolted and decided to assimilate the Native Americans to become US citizens. George Washington and Henry Knox thought of this idea, and the idea was to have the Native Americans civilized in order for them to accept the immigrants’ culture and Christianity. Some Native American tribes such as the Choctaw accepted assimilation and were spared any deaths. The same however cannot be said of the other tribes which resisted assimilation. Their attempts at violent confrontation with the immigrants led to genocide on their population.  As the US immigrants (who we shall henceforth refer to as settlers) increased in number they pushed the Native Americans to areas with harsh conditions and infertile lands. As a result of the numerous conflicts between the two cultures increased, the then US leaders, through the congress passed a law called the Indian removal Act. This act authorized the government to relocate the Native Americans from their land of origin to other parts which proved harsh and many of them died. These acts by the US government were further entrenched in law and this saw the continued massacre of the Native Americans, most of whom had already died as a result of the exotic diseases brought by the immigrants. Their dwindling numbers could not stand up to the well-armed and methodical forces of the settlers. Therefore, that the Native Americans were the victims of colonization by the settlers. The Native Americans had a matrilineal system, whereby the entire community owned land, whereas the settlers had a patriarchal system whereby individual ownership of land was paramount. It was therefore hard for the Native Americans to defend their land in the face of new laws and treaties, which were forced upon them by the settlers. The Native Americans continued their resistance against the settlers for several years even after the American Civil war. These wars came to be known as the Indian wars and even though they always resulted in mass Native American casualties they continued to defy the settlers. The dwindling population made it impossible for the Natives to continue resisting and they eventually agreed to be kept in reservation in some states in the West. They were eventually granted citizenship in 1924. The 1960’s also represented a time of minority enlightenment. This means that in spite of the poor standards of education amongst the minority communities, several members had received sufficient education that was enough to form enlightened opinion and shared these opinions with the masses. These individuals mostly consisted of authors and poets. One of these authors was Henry Hampton, who penned the book ‘Voices of Freedom’ in 19911. In it Henry writes on the civil rights movement through its m ost active years, i.e. from the 1950s to the 1980s, He speaks fondly of his participation in the marches that were organized, the most famous of which was the ‘Million man march’ which marked the turning point in Civil rights history. The book has been widely cited as a legitimate source on the civil rights movements and the intrigues that surrounded it. The book details how several disenfranchised minority groups came together during these marches to fight for a common agenda, which was the end of segregation. Though the focus at the time was African American empowerment, several other minority groups felt part of this movement and supported the African American leaders in championing for these rights. Results of colonization Colonization, just like slavery consisted of several cases of human rights violations. The act of colonizing another country itself is an act of aggression against the collective liberty of a community or country. Virtually every country in the world has been colonized. The US was once a British colony, and so were other countries like Canada, Australia, Argentina etc, all of which though sovereign entities at present were mere colonies a few centuries ago. It can therefore be said that colonization is a globally experienced phenomenon. Unlike slavery, colonization may in some instances not involve loss of freedom for the citizens. Some countries have only been theoretically colonized and therefore did not have to suffer the indignity of having a foreign government dictating terms for its citizens and perhaps even occupying its territory. Colonization of the native Americans had several results each depending on geography of the area, the period the settlers moved in and level of resistance. For some Native American tribes colonization led to immediate assimilation into the settler society and they became full American citizens. They were then able to enjoy the benefits enjoyed by all the other US citizens such as modern medicine, improved infrastructure development and better livelihoods for the citizens whereas for others it lead to massive pilferage of its resources and genocide. It can therefore be argued that colonization brought with it mixed fortunes for the tribes being colonized. The only common experienced shared by all tribes that were colonized is the loss of liberty and identity. In nearly all cases of colonization, liberty happened to be the first casualty. This was closely followed by individual freedoms and basic human rights being the last vestige of rights to be taken away. There were uncountable cases of human rights violations all over the world every time a a certain tribe was defeated and colonized. Colonization is basically a superior entity/society invading and taking charge of the affairs of an inferior society. This requires military engagement which in most cases results in bloody wars which would then be followed by loss of freedoms of the colonized state. These murders were clear violations of human rights and liberties of the colonized country. Colonization was also responsible for the theft of a country’s natural resources by the colonizing state for their own benefit. The other negative effect of colonization of the Native Americans was the prevalence of disease. The settlers brought with them foreign diseases which the Native Americans had not yet developed immunity for. These diseases though curable to the settlers proved to be lethal for the Native Americans and vast numbers of them perished. It has in fact been estimated that more than 60% of Native American deaths at the time was a s a result of the exotic diseases brought by the settlers. In conclusion, liberty is a basic human right which is considered inviolable and should be accorded to every individual irrespective of age, race or creed. Slavery and colonization had one thing in common; the loss of personal freedoms and liberty. Freedom is intrinsic to every human being and any attempt at stifling an individual’s freedom will in most cases be met with resistance. This just goes to show that deep within every human being is the need to be independent and free, a fact which no other individual or government can purport to take away.

Disparate Dwellings in Jane Eyre - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 732 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Jane Eyre Essay Did you like this example? In Charlotte Bronts Jane Eyre, each distinct place where Jane stays represents a different point in her life, and they each have an impact on her as a whole. In the novel, both Gateshead and Lowood Institution have a great effect on Jane, but a reader might wonder which place is she better off at? Jane Eyre is much better off at Lowood than she was at Gateshead Hall. She is not continually physically abused at Lowood Institution, as she is at Gateshead. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Disparate Dwellings in Jane Eyre" essay for you Create order Jane is allowed to have friends and to confide in people whom she loves and trusts. At Lowood, she is able to obtain partial freedom within her education, which later leads her job as a governess. Even though both residences have their own significance for Jane, she has a better life at Lowood Institution. As Jane grows up, she stays with her Aunt Reed at Gateshead Hall, where she is subject to multiple accounts of abuse. While a child grows up, it is crucial that they are nurtured and loved so that they become respectable people later in life. Jane, however, never experiences a familial love and, therefore, feels a sense of isolation her entire time at Gateshead. Instead of experiencing this love, she becomes used to physical and verbal abuse equating time with family. Accustomed to John Reeds abuse, I never had an idea of replying to it; my care was how to endure the blow which would certainly follow the insult (Bront 9). The words never and certainly imply that this abuse has happened multiple times with no consequence for John. At Lowood, she is punished for things that she has done, not made up scenarios in which Jane is always at fault. When Jane first arrives at Lowood, she still feels a small sense of isolation, but that is short-lived. She soon meets Helen Burns, who is an unbelievable influence on Jane. Lowood Institution allows Jane to gain friendships and to open up to people about her past experiences. Meeting different people at Lowood has a huge impact on Janes life. If all the world hated you, and believed you wicked, while your own conscience approved you, and absolved you from guilt, you would not be without friends (Bront 79). Helen helps Jane realize that shes not an awful, unhappy person just because people have told her so her entire life. She is whoever she sets out to be. Jane has friends who are there for her and will stick by her side no matter what. She not only gains support, but also advice that she carries with her throughout the rest of her life. In Janes life, the decision to leave Lowood in search of a new servitude becomes imperative in constructing her future. She is allowed partial freedom and obtains an education which later on allows her to get a job and meet her future husband. Her education is well-earned and benefits her immensely. But Servitude! That must be a matter of fact. Anyone may serve: I have served here for eight years Can I not get so much of my own will? Is not the thing feasible? Yesâ€Å"yesâ€Å"the end is not so difficult (Bront 100). The discipline and schooling at Lowood makes it easy for Jane to figure out a way to find a new residence for servitude. Jane also knows that she can do something with her life than just feeling isolated and detached. She can find happiness by following her own passions. Even though both Gateshead Hall and Lowood Institutions remain critical points that help to shape Jane Eyres life, she endures much less hardship at Lowood. Mrs. Reed and the Reed children are no longer able to harm or isolate Jane. Lowood allows for Jane to create new friendships in which she can confide in those whom she eventually loves and trusts. She now possesses some semblance of family. Janes partial freedom and education, which she could have only obtained at Lowood, help her to discover new paths in life. All throughout Jane Eyre, Jane suffers at Gateshead but, on the other hand, thrives at Lowood. If she was truly better off at Gateshead, why would Jane be so eager to leave when the concept of schooling was made a concrete possibility? She wishes to escape the oppression she experienced at Gateshead. Works Cited Bront Charlotte. Jane Eyre. EMC/Paradigm Pub., 1998.

The Growing Importance of Monetary Policy in Government

Monetary policy is important in decisions the United States government makes about economic practices and regulations, but equally important are the fiscal policies, which government spending and tax reform are geared toward in stimulating the economy. To understand the importance of monetary policy in the equation, one must first understand what the term means. The Economic Times defines monetary policy as the macroeconomic  policy  laid down by the central bank, which manages interest rates, money supply, and functions as the demand side of economic policy to affect inflation, consumption, growth, and liquidity. There is, however, a limit to the amount monetary policy can affect the economy because it hinges upon interest rates and monetary circulation. Once the interest rate hits zero, theres not much more the Federal Reserve can do in terms of monetary policy to help the economy. Fighting Inflation Versus Fighting Unemployment The  U.S. Department of State  argues that one of the key reasons that monetary policy is favorable during financially successful periods of the American economy is that it affects inflation rates positively but is relatively useless in fighting unemployment.   This is because theres a limit to the amount of monetary manipulation the Federal Reserve can do to the global value, or exchange rate, if the U.S. dollar plummets. Monetary policy primarily affects interest rates through control of the amount of currency in circulation (and other factors), so when the interest rate bottoms out at zero percent, theres nothing else a bank can do. If you take a look back at the Great Depression, over 3,000 banks failed during the 1930s—monetary policy meant very little when the value of the dollar had sunk to its lowest rate in history. Instead, fiscal policy and a series of unpopular yet successful economic policies helped America get back on its feet. Fiscal policy opened up new jobs and increased government spending to right the wrong of the market crash. Basically, the United States—or any governing body—can, in times of need, enact aggressive fiscal policy to combat market stagnation. How Monetary Policy Applies Now Because the United States economy has experienced its highest point in the last decade (the 2010s), monetary policy that cuts taxes and increased government spending in business and job-creation markets, especially under former President Barack Obama, has led to a decrease in the unemployment rate and a rapid increase in the United States GDP. Fiscal and monetary policies go hand in hand in the  federal legislature, where annual budgets dictate government spending in certain economy-stimulating areas as well as the creation of jobs through social welfare initiatives. The Federal Reserve annually dictates interest rates, liquidity, and currency circulation, which in turn also stimulate the market. In truth, without either fiscal or monetary policy in United States federal—and indeed local and state—government, the delicate balance of our economy might slip back into another Great Depression. Regulations, therefore, are important to maintaining a status quo across all states wherein each citizen is guaranteed their rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

I Am Post A Review Today Of A Board Game - 945 Words

I thought I’d post a review today of a board game that I bought for my kids this last Christmas. Yes, I’m aware that was 5 months ago, but it’s honestly taken me this long to decide whether I love or hate it. My family, including my 8yo and my 7yo, really enjoys playing Settlers of Catan, so when I found out there was a version based on the building of the transcontinental railroad in the United States, my little homeschooling heart just about burst. The game, Catan Histories: Trails to Rails, is around the $50 mark, so I hesitated†¦ a lot. I finally caved over the holidays because†¦ learning and Catan and awesomeness awaited us if I could just fork over the cash. SPECS: The box says this game is for ages 12+, 3-4 players, and that the game takes about 2 hours. In comparison, the original Settlers of Catan game says it’s for players ages 10+, 3-4 players (but you can buy expansions for more players), and that the game takes about an hour. REALITY: We’ve played the original game with my younger kids without issue. The concepts are not too hard for them to understand, but I’ve never met a Catan game that â€Å"only† lasted an hour. Ever. It usually takes us 2-3 hours, even when it’s all adults playing and no kids. Basically, I don’t believe a word on the box. Trails to Rails is actually more accurate on the box, but I still don’t think a game could be completed in 2 hours. The 12+ age range is probably a good suggestion, but you know your own kids. It could be fun for a childShow MoreRelatedThe Internet Is A Tool For The Mind And People Essay1770 Words   |  8 Pagesour society can use the internet to benefit themselves. Making money online is a huge advantage for people. Twenty years ago, it was unimaginable to think that the internet and what we have today was even possible. No one thought we would have phones that can do everything from taking pictures, to playing games, to looking something up on the internet. We are extremely fortunate as a society because of all the tools we have. From the internet, we were able to add E commerce and we use the internetRead MoreMonopoly Product Life Cycle1436 Words   |  6 Pagesthe marketing strategy you would implement. Over 2000 versions in 111 countries and 43 languages, Hasbro had sold 275 million Monopoly games worldwide. The Monopoly Game is named after the economic concept of monopoly: the domination of a market by a single provider. Just right after Chess which holds the 1st place, Monopoly is ranked as the 2nd best board game of all time. Monopoly was patented in 1935 and albeit still making a steady cash-cow, Monopoly is well in its maturity stage and in theRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On My Professional Business Fraternity2216 Words   |  9 Pages Through my professional business fraternity, I am able to surround myself with driven individuals that push me to be a better person. 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In 100AD, Roman gladiators used stimulants and hallucinogens to avoid fatigue and possi ble injuries. Even during the Modern Olympic Games in 1904-1920Read MoreReputation and Surviving a Small Business Essay2834 Words   |  12 Pagesa bad online review. In todays society with access to small businesses online and a wealth of information, it is easy for a bad reputation to flood the web. There are many sites on the web that can hurt and help you. One of these sites is called Yelp. This is a popular online review for businesses. If you search for a business, these reviews pop up under your related topics. One bad review can hurt you small business. There is a lot of discussion on how valid these reviews are. There have

George Orwell Essay Research Paper As a free essay sample

George Orwell Essay, Research Paper As a journalist and author of autobiographical narrations, George Orwell was outstanding. But he will be remembered chiefly for two plants of fiction that have become 20th-century classics: # 8216 ; Animal Farm # 8217 ; , published in 1944, and # 8216 ; Nineteen Eighty-four # 8217 ; ( 1949 ) . George Orwell is a pen name. His existent name was Eric Arthur Blair, and he was born in 1903 at Montihari in Bengal, India, where his male parent was a minor British functionary. His household had societal position but small money, a fact that influenced Orwell # 8217 ; s later attitude toward the English category system and the imperium # 8217 ; s intervention of its capable peoples. In about 1911 the household returned to England. Blair was sent to school in Sussex, where he was distinguished both by his poorness and his intelligence. He subsequently wrote of his suffering school old ages in # 8216 ; Such, Such Were the Joys # 8217 ; ( 1953 ) . He attended Eton in the old ages 1917 to 1921 but decided against traveling on to a university. We will write a custom essay sample on George Orwell Essay Research Paper As a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Alternatively he went to Burma ( now Myanmar ) as a member of the British imperial constabulary. His ain poorness, plus his turning antipathy to Britain’s imperial policies, led him to vacate from the authorities in 1928. He so spent several old ages among the hapless and castaway of Europe and among the unemployed mineworkers in the North of England. These experiences were recounted in ‘Down and Out in Paris and London’ ( 1933 ) and ‘The Road to Wigan Pier’ ( 1937 ) . Then Orwell went to Spain to describe on the Spanish Civil War. His experiences in Spain were described in ‘Homage to Catalonia’ ( 1938 ) , one of his best books. During World War II Orwell wrote for the British Broadcasting Company and worked as a literary editor for the London Tribune. The success of # 8216 ; Animal Farm # 8217 ; in 1944 allowed him to give himself to composing. He bought a house on the island of Jura, where he wrote # 8216 ; Nineteen Eighty-four # 8217 ; . By the clip it was published, Orwell was already badly from the TB from which he died on Jan. 21, 1950, in London. # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; Excerpted from Compton # 8217 ; s Interactive Encyclopedia Copyright 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997 The Learning Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Monet Vs. Van Gough Essay Example

Monet Vs. Van Gough Essay Between 1858 and 1882 Monet painted 49 still lifes, and 21of them were of flowers. In his Chrysanthemums, the subject combined his interest in gardening and painting.A relation that was displayed even more after he moved to Giverny in 1883. Like his Bouquet of Sunflowers of 1881, this still life was probably painted when bad weather had driven the artist indoors. This still life display colors, rhythm, surface and touch to the fullest extent. In Van Goughs Oleanders, he believed that these flowers were joyous, and that they bloomed riotously were continually renewing themselves. In the painting the flowers are placed in a jug, which is symbolically adjacent to a book titled, La Joie de Vivre by Emile Zols. The flowers seem to be leaning towards the book, like how they would lean towards sunlight. Although they are opposites being Monet more classic and Van Gough, I like to call him, stylish, they both did their painting beautifully, the way the subject is brought to life with color . But what I truly loved was their totally different style and painting techniques. Monets style of painting where the subject appears to be blurry and being able to notice his delicate brush strokes in the petals of the flowers, along with his choice of colors give the painting a classic feel to it.You can see somewhat of a reflection of the vase and flowers on the table; again Monet uses his blurry technique. The light blue background gives it a calming, peaceful effect.

Assignment 301TaskA Essay

Assignment 301TaskA Essay Assignment 301TaskA Essay Assignment 301 Steven Morgan Task A Candidate No: Understanding Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Education and Training Information leaflet To pass on knowledge is one of your roles as a teacher; however, this in part only scratches the surface. You will be responsible to know your students and their needs, so be understanding on how the learner learns. This will make not only their experience a good one, but make you a better teacher. If you have knowledge, let others light their candles at it. ~Margaret Fuller. You will ensure a safe environment where learners feel comfortable and are able to participate fully in the course content. Teachers will comply with any guidance on Health and safety and other legislation relating to safeguarding the rights of individuals whether they are children or adults with or without specific needs and requirements. You will also be familiar with relevant policies and procedures and any local standing orders, this will encourage inclusiveness and appreciation of those with differences and seeing these as wealth and not a hindrance. You will develop to promote inclusion of all those who want to learn and those who are reluctant at first to learn. You will also encourage personal achievement. As part of ensuring that you have a safe environment you must make sure that the learning environment is as needed and that optimal class participation is achievable, heat, light and access and egress are suitable for all. You will conduct getting to know you ice breakers to allow class bonding as this will help you in not only getting to know the learners but the learners being put at ease with each other. The setting of ground rules will set the boundaries of the course; group participation is the key here and will allow the learners to set some of their own ground rules. Not only will these set the limits for the class but can be used to reinforce behaviour if need be. As the teacher you will be responsible to plan and assemble the required course content which will be tailored to meet the demands of the task that you have been set. The use of different resources and learning methods such a PowerPoint, videos or handouts must enhance the learner’s experience. This has to be customized to the needs of the learner, to include any specific needs where reasonably can be met. If a child can’t learn the way we teach, maybe we should teach the way that they learn. ~ Ignacio Estrada. The delivery of sound structured lessons will be of a high standard and

My Inspirational Designers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

My Inspirational Designers - Essay Example During these days he commercialized his skills by creating different types of products like combs, power tools, televisions, ceramics etc. he designed modern toilets for companies under influence from marine biology books. Jonathan was fascinated with the activity of constructing objects as well as taking them apart right from his childhood. He is remembered for his products that he has created at Apple computers particularly the I-pod and the I-phone. Now he is based in California and pursues the art and activity of making very interesting electronic models. Frustrated with working as an external consultant, in 1992, he moved to California to join Apple computers. He joined the design team as a full time member. During his entry into Apple, the company was in a low profile. Steve Jobs was out and there was a legal battle going on over patent rights with Windows. Apple was fast losing its ground to Windows and also was unprofitable. In the year 1997, Steve Jobs returned and Jonathan was appointed senior vice president, design of Apple. Under the new job, he began a period characterized with unrivalled creativity as well as innovations. The company launched the iMac G3 under the influence of Jonathan. This launch is widely regarded as the rebirth of Apple. From this model onwards nothing could stop both Jonathan and Apple in launching new and improved products in the market with great effect. They launched the iBook as well as the power book within a short span of time. The various designs of Jonathan always bring refreshing plainness as well as stylishness. Many of Jonathan’s products are simple in nature and are influenced by natural objects. For example, the iMac G4 was influenced by the sun flower. The Pro mouse was inspired by droplet of water. He reduces the use of plastics in his products and uses more eco friendly metals. He is a modest and shy person who is reluctant to come into the limelight. On his work, Jonathan

An experiment paper on the effectiveness of the Pandan plant in Essay

An experiment paper on the effectiveness of the Pandan plant in repelling cockroaches from food - Essay Example More often than not, people avoid cockroaches or try to kill or repel them, mainly because they carry disease and germs, and the fact that many people either find cockroaches disgusting, or are afraid of them. This is why these people spend money on insecticides, repellants, exterminators and other chemicals and gadgets for the purpose of getting rid of cockroaches. As commonly known, cockroaches are attracted to food, and are often found in dark confined places of the home. These cockroaches that we see are actually only a small percentage of the actual number of cockroaches in your home. According to an article by extension.umn.edu, â€Å"Cockroaches are nocturnal, hiding during the day and becoming active at night. The number of cockroaches people see is usually a small percentage of a much larger population.† And this means that there are definitely more cockroaches in your home than you expect. The problem with trying to maintain a cockroach-free home is that it costs quite a bit of money, and most extermination or repellant methods are difficult to apply, or have off-putting odors. This paper's aim is to test a natural, non-toxic, easy-to-use, and environment-friendly way of repelling cockroaches from your food, or your home and rooms. It aims to test the effectiveness of the pandan plant in repelling cockroaches.

The Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds

The Reductive Carbonylation of Organic Nitro Compounds Introduction: The development of environmentally more benign and efficient synthetic methods has stimulated the evolution of new strategies and technologies for the synthesis of useful products in a safe, compact, and energy efficient manner. In this respect our preliminary focus to investigate typically efficient and complementary methodology with palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitro arenes employing CO gas. CO represents the most important C1 building block molecule to introduce a carbonyl group into parent molecules. In the last fifty years, the reductive carbonylation of organic nitro compounds has been the subject of intense research due to the fact that industrially important chemicals can be obtained in a single step. Among these, the most relevant are isocyanates, ureas and carbamates but also a number of heterocycles and other non-cyclic compounds. Isocyanates are commodity chemicals mostly employed in polyurethane synthesis but also intermediates in the production of carbamates and ureas. Polyurethanes are widely applied in almost every part of modern life in the form of plastic foams, coatings, adhesives, sealants and elastomers and binders. The most widely employed aromatic isocyanates are especially toluenediisocyanate (TDI) and 4,4-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) that account for more than seven million metric tons per year. Synthesis of Isocyanetes: Currently, industrial synthesis of isocyanates is carried out with two step reaction process using nitroarenes with very high yield and selectivity. Nitroarenes is usually reduced to corresponding aniline using heterogeneous transition metal catalyst, and subsequently the amine is reacted with phosgene to give corresponding isocyanate along with hydrochloric acid. Phosgene based synthetic route seemed to be effective and well established technology employed. Major drawbacks of the phosgene based synthesis: There are essentially four major drawbacks with the synthesis of MDI and TDI via phosgene route. The first and most prominent observation are its extreme toxicity and flammability of phosgene and isocyanates, which make these chemicals extremely difficult to handle in bulk synthesis. Phosgene was used as a chemical weapon during the World War I, and around million people were injured and got killed by the use of poisonous gases. The second major drawback is the production of corrosive hydrochloric acid, rendering the medium very aggressive with time, thus allowing other side reaction to occur and to result in reactor degradation. The third limiting factor is the dilution of reaction medium as the high dilution is required to avoid recycling and concentration costs. The final drawback is the isolation of pure isocyanate from reaction mixture. The chloride containing side products are difficult-to-remove from the final product leading to detrimental to the further processing of the isocyanate. Considering above drawbacks, any process design incorporating phosgene will get extra costs to ensure a safe environment. Industrial requirements for an alternative isocyanate synthesis: In order to replace the phosgene route, a number of requirements can be made in the ideal scenario. First of all, readily accessible chemicals should be used and second, they should be as harmless as possible. Finally, a one-step synthetic procedure will be the route par excellence. A high overall yield, purity and selectivity, a temperature close to about 25 oC and the absence of over and/or under pressures in the plant should be preserved ideally. In principle, most of the requirements could be met by an efficient catalytic system.The additional requirements such as Turn Over Frequency (TOF) in the order of 104 h-1 or higher, Turn Over Number (TON) in the order of 106 or above and easy recycling of catalyst would be maintained. On this account, the necessity of environmentally acceptable but still economically competitive phosgene-free route to isocyanates synthesis is most demanding in near future. Alternative routes to TDI and MDI: Various synthetic pathways to isocyanates: Reductive carbonylation with Palladium metal catalyzed system has proved to be an effective transition metal catalytic system due to its ability to be oxidized or reduced easily during the reaction and high tendency to form complexes with carbamoyl groups.A palladium strongly prefers the oxidation states 0 and +2, which are separated by a relatively narrow energy gap, making palladium an excellent catalyst for both oxidation and reduction reactions. Secondly, the moderately large van der Waals radius of palladium together with the high number of delectrons (favorable d10 and d8 complexes) means that the organometal is classified as rather â€Å"soft†, with a high tendency for concerted reaction as well as a high affinity to â€Å"soft† and -donors, leading to useful chemoselectivity. Finally, Pd is relatively electronegative, resulting in a rather nonpolar Pd-C bond, suppressing the reactivity towards polar functional groups. In our previous report, nitrobenzene was typically used as a model substrate, and the use of palladium proved to result in the most effective catalytic systems. The carbonylation of nitrobenzene is generally performed in methanol using homogeneous palladium complexes supported by variable bidentate N- or P- donor ligands. Methyl phenyl carbamate (MPC) was synthesized including other side products. Isocyanates and catalysis: Within the vast variety of synthetic strategy for isocyanates, one of the approaches is to catalytically convert a nitro or amine compound to the corresponding isocyanate (see Figure 4). One of the approach using oxidative carbonylation and carboalkoxylation of aniline has been studied with various catalytic systems. However, aniline have to be synthesized by hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, thus considering industrial application, the most attractive strategy would be direct synthesis of isocyanates from nitro compounds which is also thermodynamically favorable. Reactivity of isocyanates and carbamates: Phosphorus and Nitrogen as donor atoms: Both phosphorus and nitrogen ligands of the YR3 (Y = P, N) type (called phosphines and amines respectively) can be described as sp3 hybrids in a (close to) tetrahedral geometry, having a lone pair on the central atom, capable of donating its electron density to an empty (transition) metal d-orbital. Amines are more electronegative than their phosphine analogues, so it could bind strongly with metal centre. However, unlike amines, phosphines can act as a Ï€ acid with their ÏÆ'* orbitals, so they can be involved in Ï€ backbonding (providing the metal has available d-electrons), rendering the overall bond strength larger than would be expected intuitively (see Figure 6). So, the overall bond strength is determined by an interplay of ÏÆ' donation and Ï€ backbonding, the first having an increasing contribution when electropositive/donating substituents are employed, the latter when electronegative/withdrawing substituents are used. In 1990, E. Drent et. al. reported the palladium catalyze reductive carbonylation of nitroarene introducing â€Å"soft-base† ligands like diphosphines in combination with strongly coordinating anions, or â€Å"hard-base† electron-donating ligands such as phenanthroline, combined with non- or weakly-coordinating anions, resulted in relatively active and selective catalytic systems (maximal TOF’s (h-1)/ carbamate selectivities (%) = 150/80 and 1600/98 for diphosphines and phenanthroline respectively). General remarks on P and N based systems: In general, the statement made by Drent already in 1990 that: ‘Pd with chelating â€Å"hard base† electron donating ligands such as phenanthroline, combined with   non or weakly coordinating anions, can result in relatively active and selective catalytic systems.’ Has been generally accepted and indeed thoroughly studied in the past decades by several people. On the other hand, the statement that: ‘Pd with chelating â€Å"soft-base†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ligands like diphosphines in combination with strongly   coordinating anions , can result in respectively active and selective catalytic systems.’ Has not yet been the subject of intense academic studies, most likely due to the poor results that were obtained initially, when compared to the N-donor systems. However, in principle, there is no reason why N-donor systems should be superior to P-donor systems, except that phosphine ligands are known to be easily oxidized, thus troubling both the preparation and use of such systems. On the basis of recent observations on chelating N-donor systems like 1,10-phenanthroline with electron donating substituents (R) in combination with Pd(II) and a weakly or non-coordinating anions (Y), comprises the most active systems to date (i.e. [Pd(Rxphen)2][Y]2). Since, 1, 10- phenanthroline (unfettered of substituents ) is relatively cheap and readily available, this ligand ligand is most frequently used. Furthermore, the performed catalyst is more active and selective than its in situ formed analogues and in almost all cases a slight excess of free ligand is added. The addition of a BrOnsted acid (with bulky, non-coordinating anion) as a co catalyst , as well as the addition of a substrate related aniline is known to improve both reactivity and selectivity. The experiment is carried out in inert atmosphere and addition of reactive drying agent is also known to be beneficial. The temperatures are mostly around 120 – 170 oC, and both the concentration of all components a nd the reaction times are differed considerably. Methanol is used as a typical solvent , which is partially consumed to yield the carbamate, but occasionally toluene/methanol or other alcohols are used. Finally, the influence of varying CO pressure results in different reactivity. Most reactions were performed at pCO = 40 – 80 bar, the best results were obtained at pCO = 100 bar, and the elevated pressures are believed to enhance the reactivity even further. The Mechanism The palladium catalyzed reductive carbonylation of nitrobenzene in methanol has been investigated in great extent. All catalytic reactions were performed using both catalyst precursor and pre-formed complex resulted carbamate as well as side products. There are frequently reported (side-) products of this reaction are shown in Figure. : azobenzene(Azo), azoxybenzene (Azoxy), aniline and N.N’-diphenylurea (DPU). Azo and Azoxy are resulted as coupling product of nitrobenzene. Aniline and DPU are hydrogenation products which are indicating the presence of moisture in the reaction mixture as well as methanol could be source of H-atom for hydrogenation reaction. DPU is the carbamate analogue of isocyanate reacting with aniline which is the better nucleophile than methanol. The mechanism of reductive carbonylation of nitro compounds into carbamates has been extensively studied with palladium, (substituted) phenanthroline ligands, MeOH as solvent and an acid cocatalyst. The mechanism proposed by Mooibroek et al. seems to be the most complete as it also explains the formation of all side products Scheme: . The palladium-imido species L2Pd=NPh (C3) and the palladacycle L2PdC(O)N(Ph)OC(O) (C2) were considered as possible carbonylation product-releasing species for both (substituted) phenanthroline and diphosphine ligated catalytic system. The result of catalytic experiments , supported by spectroscopic (ESI-MS and NMR) compound C2 is not the major product- releasing intermediate in reactions performed in the absence of acid. In the absence of acid, Pd-imido complex C3 is the proposed reaction intermediate releasing PhN-containing (Azoxy, MPC, PhNH2) products. On the other hand, in the presence of acid the palladacycle complex C2 becomes the major product-releasing intermediate, resulting the nitrobenzene carbonylation product MPC with high selectivity. Different side products: In all catalytic reactions performed using both catalyst precursor and pre-formed complex resulted carbamate as well as side products. The side product are Conclusion and future prospects: In conclusion, the incentive research output from the last decade facilitated us to understand the catalytic reductive carbonylation reaction of nitroarenes to produce relevant carbamates. The reactivity of PdII compounds supported by 1, 10-phenanthroline (phen) or the bidentate diaryl phosphane has been studied in the reaction of nitrobenzene with CO in methanol. The nitrobenzene reduction chemistry in the Pd/phen/CH3OH/H+ system resulted higher in selectivity but lower in activity wherein Pd/diphospane/CH3OH/H+ system shows higher in activity but lower in selectivity. Based on our continuing interest in reductive carbonylations of nitro-aromatic compounds and considering the importance towards sustainable synthesis of isocyanates, herein our further approach to develop a ultimate catalytic composition of reactants which can produce highly selective product with high yield having tiny or no side-products. However, despite rationalized molecular mechanism developed by Tiddo et. al. f or above catalytic system is still not efficient enough, nor is it exactly clear how the catalyst works. In recent years, Great progress has been made in extending the scope of palladium-catalyzed synthetic organic reactions introducing in-situ reductive carbonylation reaction with CO generated from the solvent molecules. Manirul et. al. have reported polymer anchored ruthenium based catalyst for reductive carbonylation. Raquel et. al. have investigated that gold nanoparticles are efficient in N-carbamoylation of aromatic amines. In this respect, further elucidation of the overall mechanism and research in new directions is urgent requirement to produce effective palladium based reductive carbonylation of nitro-aromatic compounds considering industrial background. Thus, the current research project will address several issues which are envisaged to be worthwhile to explore. Firstly, the modification of ligand system, secondly the designing of catalyst system, thirdly the mechanism, and finally the use of other additives in the catalyst system to be fine-tuned. Modification of ligand system: The active species in the catalytic cycle as Pd(0) are seem to be as stable as possible to prevent inactive metallic Pd(black) formation. Our previous research work were illustrated the sharp observation of the bidentate P or N ligand based Pd-catalyzed system to achieve maximum activity and selectivity. Our further observations are envisaged based on tripodal P and N system to stabilize Pd(0) species as well as Pd(II) species during catalytic transformations. The concept of monolegated active species stabilizing Pd(0) by steric bulk ligand is rationalized to enhance the reactivity. On the basis of the palladium catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides system employed with electron rich N-heterocycle carbene ligand which exhibits flexible steric bulk environment, Several factors will be assumed to be execute in these system: 1) electron-rich nature enhances the rate of oxidative addition, 2) the ligands coordinate tightly to the Pd to prevent the formation of Pd black, and 3) thei r steric bulk favors a 12 electron, monocarbene–Pd [L-Pd] species and increases the rate of reductive elimination. Variation in carbamate synthesis: The formation of carbamates in the catalytic system utilizing PdII, phenantroline, acid and various nucleophile has been studied extensively to find an alternative for MeOH as nucleophile. The objective is to yield a carbamate or urea which can be pyrolised at lower temperatures to save energy and prevent degradation of the formed isocyanate. The changing the nucleophile is not straightforward, as the use of another nucleophile as a solvent may be too expensive or not possible (if the nucleophile is a solid), hence use of a solvent may be necessary. Therefore, non –nucleophilic solvents have to be tested in combination with potential nucleophiles in the catalytic synthesis of carbamates and ureas. Despite the use of common known compound used as a nucleophile, still there are broad spectrum of nucleophiles to be tested with various combinations. Isolation of Palladium-imido complex:

College Admissions Essay: Moving Beyond Pastry :: College Admissions Essays

Moving Beyond Pastry A few days ago, I innocently happened upon what, according to the bakery sign, was an almond croissant. Delighted, I ordered one, and dreamily handed over my two dollars as memories of bustling Parisian streets and morning bakery smells drifted back to me. However, as I took my first bite a record screeched in my head, violently thrusting me out of my daydream and landing me back into the reality that I was not in Paris, but in the middle of the USA, eating what amounted to a dry piece of wonder bread with two barely distinguishable almond bits on top. Ah, Paris! If you were to ask me why one should live, visit, or return to Paris my answer would undoubtedly be, "Pastry." But on a more serious note, as much as I love pastries and sweets, I didn't take out student loans, search for scholarships and cross the Atlantic Ocean so I could eat a crepe or a pain au chocolat as shamelessly thin, stylish people wearing black walked by. I thought I was going to France to study French. And this I certainly did. My classes were all in French, including a religious studies class at the graduate level (funny how no one mentioned this to me before it was too late to drop it!). But the true benefits of my studies abroad continue to become more and more apparent the longer I am home in the United States. In short, I understand that the world is great big place with all kinds of places and people not in an abstract sense, but as a result of experience. When I see the Mona Lisa on television I think of my first visit to the Louvre as I stared awestruck at her small, mischievous face. When I heard that 200,000 Germans gathered in solidarity at the Brandenburg Gate to express their sympathy for the US citizens in the aftermath of the recent terrorist attacks I think about the German people I met this summer and the day that I walked through that gate myself. And when I heard that the Paris traffic and metro stopped as a display of sympathy and grief, I felt my eyes sting with tears.

Literature research Essay

I found a lot of valuable information from doing my literature research. I was able to see that many people have different answers on how to combat bullying. I also found out very interesting stats on bullying over the past 3 years. They showed me that each year there was an increasing amount of children calling child line about bullying issues compared to the previous years. This is statistical evidence to support my hypothesis, â€Å"bullying is spiralling out of control†. If I had been able to conduct my interview my results would have been much more valid. Valid data is a true picture of what is being measured. From the interview that I did conduct I was able to look at the views of a head teacher who had been in education for many years so was able to see if bullying really was getting worse. She believes that bullying hasn’t got any worse it is just society now has a greater awareness of it. She also says as there is now much more media coverage that gives young people ideas to do different things to people to get attention. This would refute my hypothesis but as this is of only one persons view it is not as valid as I would like. When conducting my questionnaires I had 10 participants for the adult questionnaire and 10 participants for the children’s questionnaire. This was fairly small scale therefore making it lass valid. If I had a longer period of time I would be able to get much more respondents and get them from a wider area making my results more valid and more reliable My results from the adults questionnaire showed me that all the respondents believe that bullying isn’t spiralling out of control its just society has a greater awareness of it. 70% of my respondents were also aware of bullying when they were at school. My questionnaires that I received from the children showed me that they have a lot of knowledge on the subject. All of the children said that bullying had been around for a long time and 0ver half of them thought that it was getting worse. This could be due to the fact that as the get older they are starting to experience more bullying situations and see this as it is due to the fact that bullying is getting worse. In conclusion my results both support my hypothesis ( bullying is spiralling out of control) and refute it. I found supporting evidence for both of these so I cant say which one I believe is true. My questionnaires and interview are supporting evidence for my hypothesis but the literature research shows me strong evidence to refute it especially the statistical evidence I found. Therefore I cant conclude from my research that bullying is spiralling out of control but it is a strong possibility that society is now more aware of it which may make bullying look like it is spiralling out of control with all the recent media attention there has been. If I repeated my research project to make it more valid and reliable I would do a longitudinal survey. With these I would be able to analyse the changes of bullying and make comparisons over time making the results I already have more reliable as I would be able to back them up with these repeated results. I would be able to gain a lot of quantitative data which would enable me to produce more reliable stats and help me to analyse statistical data over a longer period of time. I could also use supervised questionnaires as I would then know that the person that I wanted to fill in the questionnaire actually did making them more valid. A way of getting more respondents to fill my questionnaire within the short space of time that I would have would be to use postal questionnaires. I could cheaply reach a large amount of people making my results more valid. The problem with these is that they have a low response rate (less than 50%). I could also look at bullying from a different angle, to gain a better understanding of it. I could look more at the types of bullying that happen and the different effects it has on the victims. This could give me a deeper insight into the different aspects of bullying and could possibly show me ways in which bullying could be stopped. Bibliography   http://news.bbc.co.uk

Syrian The Refugee Crisis During The Syrian Civil War

I’m sure in the past few months and years if you have turned on the news this topic has been talked about in high regard and with deep concern. A country at war, civilians pried from their homes and forced into ridicule and danger while in a search for a better life. If you haven’t caught on by now I am speaking about the Syrian refugee crisis in Europe. To really understand what should happen and what is happening you must know all things that are beyond that. First you should know that this is all a result of the Syrian Civil War started by the refusal of the Assad regime to step down during the Peaceful Arab Spring demonstration. During this protest in Syria, protesters were fired upon, some were killed, and many were injured. After this act, Syrian civilians started opening fire against government militia, and having violent protests of the government. Intern from all this, rebels leave the Syrian army to form the free Syrian army. Kurds also defect from the Assad R egime and make it a three-way battle. In 2012 Iran, Assads biggest aid, starts to lend arms and troops to his war effort. The Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates help to fund the rebels in an attempt to end this war and have order amongst its neighbors. After photos surface up in 2013 of Assad using chemical weapons on his own civilians the United States steps in and helps fund the rebels or free Syrian army as well. This is where it gets complicated because now youShow MoreRelatedSyrian Refugees Crisis And The Syrian Refugee Crisis Essay1346 Words   |  6 PagesLatifa HassanJan Syrian Refugee University of Kansas On September of 2015, the image of 3-year-old Aylan Kurdi went viral. â€Å"The toddler’s lifeless body on a Turkish beach had reverberated across the globe† (Parkinson George-Cosh, 2015). 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